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The Stream Wrapper Example module demonstrates a PHP stream wrapper implementation. A stream wrapper is a class that implements something that looks and behaves like a file system. A particular implementation of a stream wrapper is called a scheme. Drupal 8 supports public, private, and temporary wrapper schemes. For example, you access a file in your public uploads directory via a "public" file URI such as public://images/big-logo.png. When you read, write, delete or move that file, the public scheme's stream wrapper class (\Drupal\Core\StreamWrapper\PublicStream) is invoked to do the reading, writing, deletion or moving. PHP does this automatically for you, creating the wrapper whenever some file operation needs to get done on a public:// file.

To demonstrate how to implement a stream wrapper, this example module creates a session wrapper scheme. It uses your session data (created when you log into Drupal) to create a nested array where the arrays represent directories, and scalar values represent files. This is completely impractical, and frankly, not terribly secure, so you should never enable this module on any site that's open to the Internet. But without using any special libraries, our stream wrapper class is able to create and delete directories, and read and write files.

If you want to play with session file URIs, we recommend also enabling the File Example (file_example.module), which will let you do the same things with the "session" scheme that you can do with public, private or temporary files.

A longer description of what code is where can be found in stream_wrapper_example.module. Definitely look through the code to see various implementation details.

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